*Some of these dates are partially based upon Jewish tradition.
Dawn of History (3760-1700 bce)
*Some of these dates are partially based upon Jewish tradition.
| 3760bce | Adam & Eve created |
| 3630bce | Seth born |
| 3500bce | Chalcolithic Period |
| 2886bce | Lemech born |
| 2800bce | Early Dynastic period (Akkad) |
| 2704bce | Noah born |
| 2700-2400bce | Old Kingdom period (Egypt) |
| 2150bce | The Flood |
| 2100-1700bce | Middle Kingdom period (Egypt) |
Ancient Israelites (2000-539 bce)
* Some of these dates are partially based upon Jewish tradition.
| 2000-1750bce | Old Babylonian period |
| 2000-1700bce | Israel’s Patriarchal period |
| 1900-1400bce | Old Assyrian period |
| 1882bce | Terach born |
| 1813bce | Abraham born |
| 1750-1200bce | Hittite empire |
| 1765bce | The Tower of Babel |
| 1713bce | Isaac born |
| 1700-1550bce | Hyksos in Egypt |
| 1677bce | Sarah dies |
| 1653bce | Jacob born |
| 1638bce | Abraham dies |
| 1600-1150bce | Kassite period (Babylonia) |
| 1570-1085bce | New Kingdom period (Egypt) |
| 1565bce | Levi born |
| 1562bce | Joseph born |
| 1533bce | Isaac dies |
| 1523bce | Jacob and his family join Joseph in Egypt |
| 1500-1200bce | Ugaritic texts |
| 1452bce | Joseph dies |
| 1429bce | Egyptian enslavement of the Hebrews begins |
| 1400-900bce | Middle Assyrian period |
| 1400-1300bce | Amarna period (Egypt) |
| 1393bce | Moses born |
| 1355bce | Joshua born |
| 1280bce | Exodus from Egypt |
| 1240bce | Joshua launches foray into Jerusalem |
| 1200-1050bce | Period of the Judges |
| 1150-900bce | Middle Babylonian period |
| 1106bce | Deborah judges Israel |
| 1050-450bce | Prophets Samuel and Malachi |
| 1000-587bce | Monarchical period in Israel |
| 1030-1010bce | Saul (transitional king) |
| 1010-970bce | David conquers the Jebusites and makes Jerusalem his capital |
| 970-931bce | Solomon builds the First Temple |
| 931bce | Secession of Northern Kingdom (Israel) from Southern Kingdom (Judah) |
| 900-312bce | Neo-Assyrian period |
| 750-725bce | Prophets Amos, Hosea, Isaiah |
| 722bce | Northern Kingdom (Israel) destroyed by Assyrians |
| 701bce | Assyrian ruler Sennacherib besieges Jerusalem |
| 612-538bce | Neo-Babylonian (“Chaldean”) period |
| 600-580bce | Prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel |
| 587bce | Southern Kingdom (Judah) and First Temple destroyed-Babylonian exile |
| 541bce | First Jews return from Babylon to rebuild the city and its walls |
| 539bce | Persian ruler Cyrus the Great conquers Babylonian Empire |
Post-Babylonian Exile (538-129 bce)
* Some of these dates are partially based upon Jewish tradition.
| 538-333bce | Persian Period |
| 520-515bce | Second Temple rebuilt |
| 520bce | Prophet Haggai |
| 450-400bce | Reformation led by Ezra and Nehemiah |
| 438bce | Achashverosh becomes king of Persia |
| 426bce | Haman’s downfall and execution |
| 425bce | Haman’s ten sons executed; Purim celebration |
| 411bce | Bagoas, a Persian, is made governor of Jerusalem |
| 333-63bce | Hellenistic period |
| 333bce | Alexander the Great conquers the Land of Israel |
| 320-168bce | Judaism under Greek Ptolemies & Seleucids |
| 175bce | Selicid, king of Syria, plunders Jerusalem |
| 166-160bce | Jewish Maccabean revolt |
| 142-129bce | Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans |
Roman Rule (63 bce – 220 ce)
* Some of these dates are partially based upon Jewish tradition.
| 63bce | Rome (Pompey) annexes the land of Israel |
| 37-34bce | Herod the Great |
| 20bce | Herod creates Temple Mount and begins to rebuild the Temple |
| 13bce-41ce | Philo Judaeus of Alexandria |
| 37-100ce | Josephus |
| 66-73ce | First Jewish Revolt against Rome |
| 70ce | Destruction of Jerusalem and the second Temple |
| 73ce | Last stand of Jews at Masada |
| 114-117ce | Jewish Revolts against Rome in Cyprus, Egypt and Cyrene |
| 120-135ce | Rabbi Akiva active in consolidating Rabbinic Judaism |
| 132-135ce | Bar Kokhba rebellion |
| 136ce | Hadrian renames Jerusalem Aelia Capatolina and builds a Pagan temple over the the site of the Second Temple |
| 138-161ce | Antoninus Pius repeals many of the previously instituted harsh policies towards Jews |
| 200ce | Mishnah compiled/edited under Judah the Prince |
| 220-470ce | Amoraim flourish |
| 220ce | Babylonian Jewish Academy founded at Sura by Rab |
Early Christian/Islamic Period (306-439 ce)
| 306ce | Council of Elvira forbids intermarriage and social interaction with Jews |
| 315ce | Code of Constantine limits rights of non-Christians |
| 325ce | First Ecumenical Council, at Nicea (Asia Minor), changes the date of Easter from Passover |
| 330ce | Jerusalem becomes part of Constantine’s Byzantine Empire |
| 359ce | Hillel creates a new calendar based on the lunar year to replace the dispersed Sanhedrin |
| 368ce | Jerusalem Talmud compiled |
| 370-425ce | Hillel founds Beit Hillel |
| 380ce | Christianity becomes the religion of Roman Empire |
| 415ce | St. Cyril, the Bishop of Alexandria, champions violence against the city’s Jews |
| 426ce | Babylonian Talmud compiled |
| 439ce | Theodosis enacts a code prohibiting Jews from holding important positions involving money |
Medieval Christian/Islamic Period (511-1567 ce)
| 511ce | Rebellion leader Mar Zutra usurps power from Kobad the Zenduk, establishing an independent Jewish state in Babylon |
| 516ce | Southern Arabian king Ohu Nuwas adopts Judaism |
| 587ce | Recared of Spain adopts Catholicism and declares that children of mixed marriages be raised Christian |
| 570ce | Birth of Prophet Muhammad, Makkah |
| 610ce | Visigothic ruler Sesbut prohibits Judaism |
| 614ce | Persian General Romizanes captures Jerusalem and allows Jews to run the city |
| 617ce | Persians forbid Jews from living within three miles of Jerusalem |
| 624-627ce | Muhammad attacks Jewish Arabian tribes for refusing to convert to Islam |
| 627-629ce | Emperor Heraclius massacred any Jews he found and forbids them entry into Jerusalem |
| 632ce | The Jewish tribe Kaibar defends itself against Muslim forces |
| 600-1300ce | Period of the Jewish Rabbinic Geonim |
| 637ce | Muslim forces capture Caesarea, forcing the city’s estimated 100,000 Jews to follow the Pact of Omar |
| 638ce | Caliph Umar conquers Jerusalem and Jews are permitted to return to the city |
| 685ce | Muslims extend Jerusalem and rebuild walls and roads |
| 691ce | First account of Jews in England |
| 692ce | Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik |
| 712ce | Jews help Muslim invaders capture Spain, ending Visogoth rule |
| 715ce | Al-Aqsa Mosque built, Jerusalem |
| 760ce | Karaite Judaism founded |
| 740-1259ce | Jewish Kingdom of Khazar |
| 807ce | Harun Al Rashid, Caliph of the Abbasids forces Baghdad Jews to wear a yellow badge |
| 882-942ce | Saadia Gaon |
| 942ce | Office of the Exilarch was abolished |
| 1000ce | Rabbi Gershon of Mainz, Germany, publishes a ban on bigamy |
| 1008ce | Egyptian Caliph Hakkim forced all Jews to wear a “golden calf” around their necks |
| 1009ce | Oldest existing text of full Hebrew Bible is written |
| 1032ce | Rebel Abul Kamal Tumin conquered Fez and decimated the Jewish community |
| 1139ce | Judah Halevi completes his influential philosophy of Judaism known as The Kuzari |
| 1040-1105ce | Rashi |
| 1066ce | In the wake of the Norman conquest of England, Jews left Normandy |
| 1070ce | Rashi completes his commentaries on most parts of the Bible |
| 1070-1139ce | Moses Ibn Ezra |
| 1071ce | Seljuk occupation of Jerusalem |
| 1078ce | Pope Gregory VII prohibited Jews from holding offices in Christendom |
| 1086-1145ce | Judah Halevi |
| 1090ce | Iban Iashufin, King of the Almoravides, captured Granada and destroyed the Jewish community |
| 1095ce | Henry IV of Germany issued a charter to the Jews and a decree against forced baptism |
| 1096ce | Participants in the First Crusade massacre Jews in several Central European cities, beginning centuries of pogroms linked to the Crusades |
| 1099ce | First Crusade Begins rule in Jerusalem |
| 1120ce | Jews from Muslim countries begin to settle in Byzantium |
| 1135-1204ce | Rambam |
| 1147ce | Second Crusade begins |
| 1171ce | In the town of Blois, southwest of Paris, Jews are falsely accused of committing ritual murder and blood libel |
| 1181ce | Philip expels Jews from France |
| 1187ce | Saladin recaptures Jerusalem from Crusaders grants Jews permission to re-enter |
| 1191ce | Third Crusade begins |
| 1194-1270ce | Moses Ben Nachman (Nachmanides) |
| 1195ce | Maimonides completes The Guide to the Perplexed |
| 1202ce | Fourth Crusade begins |
| 1210ce | 300 French and English rabbis make aliyah |
| 1215ce | The Church’s Fourth Lateran Council decrees that Jews be differentiated from others by their type of clothing |
| 1217ce | Fifth Crusade begins |
| 1228ce | Sixth Crusade begins |
| 1229ce | King Henry III of England forced Jews to pay half the value of their property in taxes |
| 1239ce | Pope Gregory IX orders the kings of France, England, Spain and Portugal to confiscate Hebrew books |
| 1243ce | First accusation of desecration of the Host in Berlitz, Germany |
| 1244ce | Tartars capture Jerusalem |
| 1247ce | Pope Innocent IV issued a Bull refuting blood libels |
| 1248ce | Seventh Crusade begins |
| 1253ce | King Henry III of England ordered Jewish worship in synagogue to be held quietly |
| 1254ce | French King Louis IX expelled the Jews from France |
| 1254-1517 | Mamluk Islamic rule in Egypt |
| 1258ce | Fall of Islamic Abbasid dynasty to Hulagu (Mongol) |
| 1267ce | Vienna city council forced Jews to wear the Pileum cornutum, a cone-shaped headdress |
| 1267ce | Ramban (Nachmanides) arrives in Israel |
| 1270ce | Eighth and Ninth Crusades begin |
| 1275ce | King Edward of England banned usury and forced Jews over the age of seven to wear an identifying badge |
| 1278ce | The Edict of Pope Nicholas III requires compulsory attendance of Jews at conversion sermons |
| 1282ce | The Archbishop of Canterbury, John Pectin, ordered all London synagogues to closed and prohibited Jewish physicians from practicing on Christians |
| 1285ce | Blood libel in Munich, Germany |
| 1287 | Blood libel in Oberwesel |
| 1290ce | English King Edward I expels the Jews from England |
| 1306ce | Philip IV orders all Jews expelled from France |
| 1321ce | Jews were accused of encouraging lepers to poison Christian wells in France |
| 1321ce | Henry II of Castile forces Jews to wear yellow badges |
| 1322ce | Charles IV of France expels all French Jews |
| 1348-1349ce | Much of Europe blames the Black Plague on the Jews and tortured to confess that they poisoned the wells |
| 1348ce | Basle burns 600 Jews at the stake and forcibly baptizes 140 children, expelling the city’s other Jews |
| 1348ce | Pope Clement VI issues an edict repudiating the libel against Jews |
| 1386ce | Emperor Wenceslaus expels the Jews from Strassbourg and confiscate their property |
| 1389ce | Pope Boniface continues the policy of Clement VI, forbidding the Christians to harm Jews, destroy their cemeteries or forcibly baptize them |
| 1391ce | Ferrand Martinez, archdeacon of Ecija, begins a campaign against Spanish Jewry |
| 1391ce | King Pedro I orders Spain not to harm the remaining Jews |
| 1415ce | Benedict XIII bans the study of the Talmud |
| 1420ce | Pope Martin V favorably reinstates old privileges of the Jews |
| 1420ce | All Jews are expelled from Lyons |
| 1422ce | Pope Martin V issues a bull reminding Christians that Christianity was derived from Judaism and warns the Friars not to incite against the Jews |
| 1453ce | Ottomans begin rule from Constantinople |
| 1463ce | Pope Nicholas V authorized the establishment of the Inquisition |
| 1480ce | Inquisition established in Spain |
| 1486ce | First prayer book published in Soncino, Italy |
| 1488ce | The first complete edition of the Hebrew Bible is printed in Soncino, Italy |
| 1492ce | End of Muslim states in Spain |
| 1492ce | Christian expulsion of Jews from Spain |
| 1494ce | Polish King Jan Olbracht’s orders Jews to leave to leave Crakow |
| 1496ce | Manuel of Portugal expels Jews from Portugal |
| 1510ce | 38 Jews were burned at the stake in Berlin |
| 1516ce | Jews in Venice are relegated to a ghetto |
| 1543ce | Luther writes “About the Jews and Their Lies” |
| 1547ce | Ivan the Terrible becomes ruler of Russia and refuses to allow Jews to live in his kingdom |
| 1555ce | Jewish ghetto instituted in Rome |
| 1567ce | Shulhan Arukh published |
Ottoman Muslim Empire (1517-1670 ce)
| 1517ce | Victory of (Muslim Ottoman Turk) Selim I over Egypt |
| 520-1566ce | Sulayman I, “the Magnificent,” rules |
| 1553ce | Under the direction of Cardinal Caraffa, later Pope Paul IV, the Talmud was confiscated and publically burned in Rome |
| 1554ce | Cornelio da Montalcino, a Franciscan Friar who converted to Judaism, is burned alive in Rome |
| 1555ce | Pope Paul IV renewed all anti-Jewish legislation and installed a ghetto in Rome |
| 1558ce | In Recanti, Italy Joseph Paul More, a baptized Jew, entered a synagogue on Yom Kippur and tried to preach a conversion sermon |
| 1585ce | First known Jew to step on American soil, Joachim Gaunse (Ganz), lands on Roanoke Island |
| 1566ce | Pope Pius V reinstates the restrictions of Pope Paul IV |
| 1586ce | Pope Sixtus V forbids Jews from living in the Papal states and to print the Talmud |
| 1593ce | Pope Clement VIII expelled Jews from all Papal states except Rome and Ancona |
| 1603ce | Frei Diogo Da Assumpacao, a partly Jewish friar who embraced Judaism, was burned alive in Lisbon |
| 1614ce | Vincent Fettmilch, who called himself the “new Haman of the Jews,” led a raid on a Frankfurt synagogue |
| 1615ce | King Louis XIII of France decreed that all Jews must leave the country |
| 1616ce | Jesuits arrives in Grodno, Poland and accused the Jews of blood orgies and host desecrations |
| 1619ce | Shah Abbasi of the Persian Sufi Dynasty increased persecution against the Jews |
| 1621ce | Sir Henry Finch makes the first English call to restore the Jews to their homeland |
| 1622-1629ce | Persian Jews are forced to convert to Islam |
| 1625ce | Pope Urban VIII forbids Roman Jews to erect gravestones |
| 1636ce | Rhode Island grants religious liberty to Jews |
| 1639ce | More than 80 New Christians were burned at the stake in Lima, Peru |
| 1642ce | The first Jewish colony in the New World is established in Recife, Brazil |
| 1648ce | Bogdan Chmelnitzki massacres 100,000 Jews in Poland |
| 1654ce | Arrival of 23 Jews from Brazil in New Amsterdam |
| 1655ce | Dutch West India Company allows Jewish settlers to reside permanently in New Amsterdam |
| 1655ce | Jews readmitted to England by Oliver Cromwell |
| 1657ce | The first Jews gain the rights of citizens in America |
| 1670ce | Jews expelled from Vienna |
Contemporary Period (1712-1948 ce)
| 1712ce | First public Jewish synagogue in Berlin |
| 1730ce | Jews build first North American synagogue in Lower Manhattan, Shearith Israel |
| 1740ce | England grants naturalization rights to Jews in the colonies |
| 1753ce | Parliament extends naturalization rights to Jews resident in England |
| 1761ce | First English prayer book for High Holidays is published in New York |
| 1763ce | The Jews of Newport, Rhode Island dedicate a Sephardic synagogue |
| 1768-1828ce | Israel Jacobson |
| 1775ce | Pius VI issues Editto sopra gli ebrei suppressing the Jewish religion |
| 1729-1786ce | Moses Mendelssohn |
| 1765ce | Portugal holds the last public Auto de Fe “Act of Faith,” a ceremony where the Inquisition announces its punishments |
| 1781ce | Joseph II of Austria rescinds law requiring Jews to wear distinctive badges |
| 1783ce | The Sultan of Morocco expels the Jews |
| 1784-1885ce | Sir Moses Montefiore, created numerous agricultural settlements in Eretz Israel |
| 1791ce | French Jews granted full citizenship |
| 1791ce | Tsarist Russia confines Jews to Pale of Settlement |
| 1795ce | First American Ashkenazi synagogue, Rodeph Shalom, is established in Philadelphia |
| 1796ce | The Netherlands grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1808ce | Polonies Talmud Torah, the first Jewish school on record in the United States established in New York |
| 1812ce | Prussia’s Edict of Emancipation grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1814ce | King Ferdinand VII of Portugal reestablishes the Inquisition |
| 1814ce | Denmark grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1819ce | Rebecca Gratz establishes the first independent Jewish women’s charitable society in Philadelphia |
| 1819-1900ce | Isaac Mayer Wise |
| 1820ce | A royal decree officially abolished the Spanish Inquisition |
| 1824ce | Society of Reformed Israelites is established in Charleston |
| 1827ce | Russia’s Conscription Law mandates 31 years of military service for Jews, beginning at age 12 |
| 1830ce | Greece grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1831ce | Belgium grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1832ce | Canada grants Jews political rights |
| 1837ce | First Passover Haggadah printed in America |
| 1838ce | Rebecca Gratz establishes Hebrew Sunday School in Philadelphia |
| 1840ce | Jews are accused of murdering a Franciscan friar in the Damascus blood libel |
| 1840ce | First organized movement by American Jewry to protest false accusations of blood libel in Damascus, Syria |
| 1840ce | The first Hebrew printing press in India is established |
| 1843ce | B’nai B’rith is organized |
| 1845ce | Isaac Leeser publishes his translation of the Pentateuch |
| 1847-1915ce | Solomon Schechter |
| 1848ce | In every part of Germany, excluding Bavaria, Jews had been granted granted civil rights |
| 1852ce | Mount Sinai, the first Jewish Hospital in the United States is founded |
| 1852ce | The Ghetto of Prague is officially abolished |
| 1853ce | Isaac Leeser publishes his translation of the Bible into English |
| 1855ce | First acknowledged non-Muslim visitor permitted to enter Temple Mount since 1187 CE |
| 1860ce | Mishkenot Sha’ananim, built outside Jerusalem’s walls |
| 1860-1904ce | Theodore Herzl |
| 1861ce | Norway allows Jews to enter the country |
| 1864ce | Leon Pinsker writes Autoemancipation and argues for creation of a Jewish state |
| 1866ce | Jews become a majority in Jerusalem |
| 1866ce | Switzerland grants Jews equal rights |
| 1867ce | First rabbinical school in America, Maimonides College, is founded in Philadelphia |
| 1867ce | Hungary passes legislation emancipating the Jews |
| 1867ce | German journalist Wilhelm Marr coins the word “anti-Semitism” |
| 1869ce | Italy grants emancipation to Jews |
| 1870ce | Sweden grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1870ce | Ghettos abolished in Italy |
| 1870ce | The Edict of Pope Nicholas III which required compulsory attendance of Jews at conversion sermons since 1278 is abolished |
| 1871ce | First Yiddish and Hebrew newspaper in America is published |
| 1871ce | Great Britain grants full emancipation to Jews |
| 1871ce | German constitution gives German Jews full legal equality |
| 1873ce | Reform Judaism in U.S. establishes Union of American Hebrew Congregations |
| 1874ce | Jews in Switzerland receive full rights of citizenship |
| 1875ce | Isaac Mayer Wise founds Hebrew Union College |
| 1877ce | New Hampshire becomes the last state to offer Jews political equality |
| 1878ce | The anti-Semitic German Christian Social Party is founded by Adolf Stoecker |
| 1881ce | Ottoman government announces permission for foreign (non-Ottoman) Jews to settle throughout Ottoman Empire |
| 1881ce | May Laws restricting the movements and conduct of Jews are enacted in Russia |
| 1881ce | The word “pogrom” enters the English language, as Russian mobs begin a series of violent attacks against Jews and their property |
| 1884ce | First Conference of Hovevei Zion Movement |
| 1885ce | Reform Jewish Pittsburgh Platform |
| 1886ce | Etz Chaim, the first yeshiva for Talmudic studies in the United States, established in New York |
| 1887ce | Jewish Theological Seminary opens in New York |
| 1888ce | Jewish Publication Society of America is founded |
| 1891ce | Grand Duke Segai orders the expulsion of 14,00 Jewish families living in Moscow |
| 1892ce | Ottoman government forbids sale of state land to foreign (non-Ottoman) Jews in Palestine |
| 1894ce | French general staff officer Alfred Dreyfus is sentenced to life on Devil’s Island |
| 1894-1917ce | Russian Czar Nicholas II commissioned the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” |
| 1897ce | First Jewish Zionist congress convened by Theodor Herzl in Basle, Switzerland, Zionist Organization Founded |
| 1897ce | The Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS) begins training Orthodox rabbis |
| 1898ce | Eastern European immigrants organize a Union of Orthodox Congregations |
| 1898ce | Emile Zola publishes J’Accuse |
| 1899ce | Emile Zola wins a new trial for Alfred Dreyfus |
| 1899ce | Theodor Herzl establishes the Jewish Colonial Trust |
| 1901ce | The Fifth Zionist Congress decides to establish Keren Kayemet LeIsrael |
| 1902ce | Solomon Schechter comes from England to America to head the Jewish Theological Seminary of America |
| 1903ce | British Government proposes “Uganda Scheme” |
| 1903ce | Kishinev massacre increases Jewish exodus from Russia |
| 1903-1907ce | 500,000 Jews flee Russia, 90% go to the United States |
| 1904-1914ce | Second Aliyah, mainly from Russia and Poland |
| 1905ce | Gimnazia Herzilia, the first Hebrew high school, opens in Tel Aviv |
| 1906ce | American Jewish Committee is founded |
| 1906ce | First Hebrew high school founded in Jaffa and Bezalel school founded in Jerusalem |
| 1908ce | Turkey grants Jews political rights |
| 1908-1914ce | Second Yemenite Aliyah |
| 1909ce | First kibbutz, Degania, founded |
| 1909ce | Founding of Tel Aviv |
| 1909ce | Hashomer, the first Jewish self-defense organization is founded |
| 1912ce | Henrietta Szold founds Hadassah |
| 1912ce | Haifa’s Technion is founded |
| 1912ce | Agudah (Agudat Israel) formed |
| 1913ce | Trial of Leo Frank |
| 1913ce | Solomon Schechter founds the United Synagogue of America |
| 1915ce | The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is created |
| 1915ce | Leo Frank is hung by a lynch mob |
| 1917ce | Jewish Telegraphic Agency is founded |
| 1917ce | Four-hundred years of Ottoman rule ended by British conquest |
| 1917ce | The Balfour Declaration favors Jewish Palestinian State |
| 1917ce | Turkish Governor of Jaffa orders all Jews to leave Tel-Aviv and Jaffa |
| 1917ce | Jews granted full rights in Russia |
| 1917ce | The Jewish Welfare Board is created |
| 1917ce | Surrender of Ottoman forces in Jerusalem to Allied Forces |
| 1918ce | American Jewish Congress is founded |
| 1919ce | Romania grants citizenship to Jews |
| 1919ce | Chaim Weizmann heads Zionist delegation at Versailles Peace Conference |
| 1919-1923ce | Third Aliyah, mainly from Russia |
| 1920ce | Histadrut (Jewish labor federation) and Haganah (Jewish defense organization) founded |
| 1920ce | Vaad Leumi (National Council) set up by Jewish community |
| 1920ce | Keren Hayesod created |
| 1920ce | Chaim Weizmann elected president of the World Zionist Organization |
| 1920ce | Fall of Tel Hai to Arab attackers |
| 1921ce | The Times of London pronounces the Protocols of the Elders of Zion a forgery |
| 1921ce | U.S. immigration laws “reformed” to effectively exclude Eastern European Jews |
| 1921ce | Arab riots in Jaffa and other cities |
| 1921ce | Nahalal founded in the Jezreel Valley |
| 1921ce | Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook and Rabbi Ya’akov Meir are elected the first two cheif Rabbis of Eretz-Israel |
| 1922ce | Britain granted Mandate for Palestine |
| 1922ce | Transjordan set up on three-fourths of the British mandate area |
| 1922ce | Jewish Agency set up |
| 1922ce | Mordecai M. Kaplan founds the Society for the Advancement of Judaism |
| 1922ce | United States Congress and President Harding approve the Balfour Declaration |
| 1922ce | League of Nations Council approves Mandate for Palestine |
| 1922ce | First British census of Palestine shows total population 757,182 (11% Jewish) |
| 1923ce | Technion, first institute of technology, founded in Haifa |
| 1924-1932ce | Fourth Aliyah, mainly from Poland |
| 1924ce | Benjamin Frankel starts Hillel Foundation |
| 1924ce | The first conference of the General Zionist movement is held in Jerusalem |
| 1925ce | Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened on Mt. Scopus |
| 1928ce | Britain recognizes independence of Transjordan |
| 1928ce | Yeshiva College is dedicated in New York |
| 1929ce | 2,000 Arabs attack Jews praying at the Kotel |
| 1929ce | Hebron Jews massacred by Arab militants |
| 1929-1939ce | Fifth Aliyah, from Germany |
| 1930ce | Hope-Simpson report recommends and end to all Jewish immigration to Eretz-Israel |
| 1930ce | Lord Passfield issues his White Paper banning further land acquisition by Jews and slowing Jewish immigration |
| 1930ce | Second British census of Palestine shows total population of 1,035,154 (16.9% Jewish) |
| 1931ce | Etzel (the Irgun), Jewish underground organization, founded |
| 1933ce | Riots in Jaffa and Jerusalem |
| 1934ce | In Afghanistan, two thousand Jews are expelled from towns |
| 1935ce | Jewish rights in Germany rescinded by Nuremberg laws |
| 1935ce | Hakibbutz Hadati, the religious kibbutz movement is founded |
| 1935ce | Regina Jonas was ordained by Liberal (Reform) Rabbi Max Dienemann in Germany, becoming the first woman rabbi |
| 1935ce | Ze’ev Jabotinsky founds the New Zionist Organization |
| 1936ce | World Jewish Congress convened in Geneva |
| 1937ce | Reform Jewish Columbus Platform |
| 1937ce | The Peel Commission recommends the partition of Palestine between Jews and Arabs |
| 1937ce | Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion accept partition plan |
| 1937ce | Central conference of American Rabbis reaffirm basic reform philosophies in the Colombus Platform |
| 1938ce | Kristallnacht |
| 1938ce | Charles E. Coughlin, a Roman Catholic priest, launches media campaign in America against Jews |
| 1939ce | Jewish immigration severely limited by British White Paper |
| 1939ce | S.S. St. Louis, carrying 907 Jewish refugees from Germany, is turned back by Cuba and the United States |
| 1940ce | Nazis establish ghettos in Poland |
| 1940ce | British refuse illegal immigrant ship, the Patria, permission to dock in Palestine |
| 1941ce | Lohamei Herut Yisrael (Lehi) or Stern Gang underground movement formed |
| 1941ce | Palmach, strike force of Haganah, set up |
| 1942ce | Rabbi Stephen S. Wise publicizes Riegner report confirming mass murder of European Jews |
| 1942ce | Biltmore Conference of American Zionists |
| 1942ce | Nazi leaders refine the “Final Solution” at Wannsee Conference |
| 1943ce | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
| 1943ce | Raphael Lemkin coins the term genocide |
| 1943ce | Zionist Biltmore Conference |
| 1945ce | International tribunal for war crimes is established at Nuremberg |
| 1946ce | The west wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem was destroyed by members of the Irgun |
| 1946ce | The British Government announced that it will allow no more unscheduled immigration into Palestine |
| 1947ce | British Cabinet decided to partition Palestine |
| 1947ce | Units of the British Royal Navy took the disabled “Moledeth” with 1,600 illegal Jewish refugees |
| 1947ce | The British Government requested France and Italy to prevent Jews from embarking for Palestine |
| 1947ce | A British naval unit boarded the refugee ship “Guardian” and seized it along with 2,700 passengers |
| 1947ce | The 1,200 ton Haganah freighter “Trade Winds” was seized by the Royal Navy |
| 1947ce | The British government protested to the United States government against American fund-raising drives for Jewish underground groups |
| 1947ce | A British naval party boarded the immigrant ship “Mordei Haghettoath” |
| 1947ce | The Haganah ship “Yehuda Halevy” arrived under British naval escort with 399 illegal Jewish immigrants; they were immediately transferred to Cyprus |
| 1947ce | President Truman asked all persons in the US to refrain from helping Jewish underground groups |
| 1947ce | Rioting broke out among the passengers of the “Exodus 1947” when they learned they were to be resumed to France |
| 1947ce | Haganah sank the British tansport “Empire Lifeguard” in Haifa harbor |
| 1947ce | Two small Haganah ships loaded with 1,174 Jews from North Africa were intercepted by British naval units |
| 1947ce | British troops completed a two-day forced debarkation of 4,300 “Exodus 1947” illegal Jewish refugees from three ships in Hamburg, Germany |
| 1947ce | A terrorist bomb damaged the US. consulate general in Jerusalem |
| 1947ce | About 185 European Jews landed near Netanya from a small schooner and escaped before the British could intercept them |
| 1947ce | The “Kadimah,” was seized and brought to Haifa by the British |
| 1947ce | The United States Department of State announced that they were placing an embargo on all American arms shipments to the Middle East |
| 1947ce | The Dollis Hill Synagogue in London was set on fire |
| 1947ce | UN proposes the establishment of Arab and Jewish states in the Land |
| 1947ce | Scrolls dating from approximately 22 B.C.E. are discovered at Qumran, near the Dead Sea |
| 1948ce | The U.S. War Assets Administration received orders from Army Secretary Kenneth Royal to cancel its sale of 199 tons of M-3 explosive to a purchasing agent of the Jewish Agency |
| 1948ce | The FBI arrested six New York men on charges of trying to ship Haganah 60,000 pounds of TNT |